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Pins & Needles : ウィキペディア英語版
Pins and Needles

''Pins and Needles'' is an idiom revue with a book by Arthur Arent, Marc Blitzstein, Emmanuel Eisenberg, Charles Friedman, David Gregory, Joseph Schrank, Arnold B. Horwitt, John Latouche, and Harold Rome and music and lyrics by Harold Rome. The title ''Pins and Needles'' was created by Max Danish, long-time editor of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU)'s newspaper ''Justice''. It ran on Broadway from 1937 to 1940, was revived in 1978, and produced again in London in 2010 to positive reviews. The revue was also performed in 1938 in the White House for Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.〔Daniel Katz. ''All Together Different: Yiddish Socialists, Garment Workers, and the Labor Roots of Multi-Culturalism''. New York: NYU Press, 2011.〕〔Susan Ware. "Skin Deep", a review of the book ''(An Intimate Affair: Women, Lingerie, and Sexuality )'' by Jill Fields, University of California Press, 2007. (This review ) appeared in the ''Washington Post'', Sunday, July 15, 2007.〕
==Background==
The International Ladies Garment Workers Union used the Princess Theatre in New York City as a meeting hall. The union sponsored an inexpensive revue with ILGWU workers as the cast and two pianos. Because of their factory jobs, participants could rehearse only at night and on weekends, and initial performances were presented only on Friday and Saturday nights.〔Kenrick, John.("Pins and Needles" ) Musicals101.com, accessed July 28, 2010〕〔("Political Satire" ) pbs.org, accessed July 28, 2010〕 The original cast was made up of cutters, basters, and sewing machine operators.〔("Cultural Initiatives" ) laborarts.org, accessed July 28, 2010〕
''Pins and Needles'' looked at current events from a pro-union standpoint. It was a "lighthearted look at young workers in a changing society in the middle of America's most politically engaged city."〔 Skits spoofed everything from Fascist European dictators to bigots in the Daughters of the American Revolution. Word-of-mouth was so enthusiastically positive that the cast abandoned their day jobs and the production expanded to a full performance schedule of eight shows per week. New songs and skits were introduced every few months to keep the show topical.
According to John Kenrick, ''Pins and Needles'' "is the only hit ever produced by a labor union, and the only time when a group of unknown non-professionals brought a successful musical to Broadway."〔

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